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The ''Actes and Monuments'', popularly known as ''Foxe's Book of Martyrs'', is a work of Protestant history and martyrology by John Foxe, first published in English in 1563 by John Day. It includes a polemical account of the sufferings of Protestants under the Catholic Church, with particular emphasis on England and Scotland. The book was highly influential in those countries, and helped shape lasting popular notions of Catholicism there. The book went through four editions in Foxe's lifetime and a number of later editions and abridgements, including some that specifically reduced the text to a ''Book of Martyrs''. ==Introduction== The book was produced and illustrated with over sixty distinctive woodcut impressions and was to that time the largest publishing project ever undertaken in England.〔Common descriptions in this paragraph and next: John N. King, John Foxe's ''Book of Martyrs and Early Modern Print Culture'' (2006); Elizabeth Evenden and Thomas Freeman, ''Religion and the Book in Early Modern England''(Cambridge UP, 2011); John Mozley, ''John Foxe and his Book'' (SPCK, 1940, 1972): William Haller, ''Elect Nation: The Meaning and Relevance of John Foxe's "Book of Martyrs"''; Warren Wooden, ''John Foxe'' (Twayne, 1983); Helen White, ''Tudor Books of Saints and Martyrs'' (Madison UP, 1963);〕 Their product was a single volume book, a bit over a foot long, two palms-span wide, too deep to lift with only one hand, and weighed about the same as a small infant.〔Uncommon measures used to focus the materiality of this book, registering its physical impact, as experienced even by twentieth century readers. Devorah Greenberg, "Community of the Texts: Producing the first and second ''Acts and Monuments'', ''Sixteenth Century Journal'' XXXVI: 3 (fall, 2005), 695-715; Freeman and Evenden, ''Religion and the Book''. Description derived in Private Communication among Patrick Collinson, Devorah Greenberg and Mark Greengrass while examining a first edition book (July 2001, Boston, Eng.)〕 Foxe's own title for the first edition (as scripted and spelled), is ''Actes and Monuments of these Latter and Perillous Days, Touching Matters of the Church''. Long titles being conventionally expected, so this title continues and claims that the book describes "persecutions and horrible troubles" that had been "wrought and practiced by the Roman Prelates, speciallye in this realm of England and Scotland". Foxe's temporal range was "from the yeare of our Lorde a thousand unto the tyme nowe present"〔,John Foxe, ''Acts and Monuments'' (London: Day, 1563)〕 Following closely on the heels of the first edition (Foxe complained that the text was produced at "a breakneck speed"), the 1570 edition was in two volumes and had expanded considerably. The page count went from approximately 1,800 pages in 1563 to over 2,300 folio pages. The number of woodcuts increased from 60 to 150. As Foxe wrote about his own living (or executed) contemporaries, the illustrations could not be borrowed from existing texts, as was commonly practiced. The illustrations were newly cut to depict particular details, linking England's suffering back to "the primitive tyme" until, in volume I, "the reigne of King Henry VIII"; in volume two, from Henry's time to "Queen Elizabeth our gracious Lady now reygnyng".〔Margaret Aston and Elizabeth Ingram, "The Iconography of the ''Acts and Monuments''," ''John Foxe and the English Reformation'' David Loades, ed. (Scholar, 1997), 66-142; Ruth Sampson Luborsky, "The Illustrations: Their Pattern and Plan," ''John Foxe: Historical Perspectives'' David Loades, ed. (Ashgate, 1997), 67-84; John N. King, ''Tudor Royal Iconography: Literature and Art in an age of Religious Crisis'' (Princeton UP, 1999); Margaret Aston, "Books 10-12: The Illustrations" (TAMO (The Acts and Monuments Online) ): offers unabridged text of the first four editions of ''Acts and Monuments'', with search capacity and Introductory Essays. Cited here onward as TAMO.〕 Foxe's title for the second edition (vol I) is quite different from the first edition where he claimed his material as "these latter days of peril...touching on matters of the Church'. In 1570, Foxe's book is an "Ecclesiastical History" containing "the acts and monuments (capitals ) of thynges passed in every kynges tyme in this realm (), specially in the Church of England". It describes "persecutions, horrrible troubles, the suffering of martyrs (), and other such thinges incident ... in England and Scotland, and () all other forreine nations". The second volume of the 1570 edition has its own title page and, again, an altered subject. Volume II is an "Ecclesiastical History conteyning the Acts and Monuments of Martyrs" (in original ) and offers "a general discourse of these latter persecutions, horrible troubles and tumults styred up by Romish (in 1563 ) Prelates in the Church". Again leaving the reference, to which church, uncertain, the title concludes "in this realm of England and Scotland as partly also to all other forrine nations apparteynyng".〔Devorah Greenberg, "Reflexive Foxe: ''The Book of Martyrs'' Transformed, sixteenth to twenty-first centuries (unpublished dissertation, SFU, 2002) Chronological Bibliography, 294-5; William Haller, 118, 128-129; Warrwn Wooden, 11-13 among others.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Foxe's Book of Martyrs」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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